DNA免疫吸附治疗狼疮性肾炎的临床观察

目的观察DNA免疫吸附血液灌流器对狼疮性肾炎患者的临床疗效。方法选择重庆第三军医大学新桥医院肾内科16例活动性狼疮性肾炎患者,采用DNA免疫吸附血液灌流器进行32例次血液灌流。观察相关症状及蛋白尿改善情况;ANA、ds-DNA清除效果;血常规、肝、肾功能、电解质、免疫球蛋白等影响程度。结果吸附后症状明显改善,尿蛋白减轻;ANA水平显著下降(P=0.0001),ds-DNA抗体完全清除;血中有形成份、肝、肾功能、电解质等无明显影响。结论DNA免疫吸附血液灌流的净化疗法是治疗狼疮性肾炎特异性相对较强、疗效好、无明显毒副反应的一种新疗法。     

A case of generalized discoid lupus erythematosus: Successful treatment with Imiquimod cream 5%

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common form of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Classic DLE lesions begin as red-purple macules, papules, or small plaques and rapidly develop a hyperkeratotic surface. Most patients with untreated classic DLE lesions suffer indolent progression to large areas of cutaneous dystrophy and scarring alopecia that can be psychosocially devastating. A 44-year-old male patient presented to the clinic with erythematous scaly patches that began on his nose 1 y before. His face was most affected, however, lesions were also noted on his scalp, ears, and limbs. Histopathologic examination verified a diagnosis of DLE. Laboratory examinations and consultations revealed no signs of systemic involvement. Imiquimod cream 5% was applied to the lesions once a day 3 times a week. After 20 applications, entire lesions regressed significantly. Imiquimod cream 5% may represent an alternative treatment method for patients with DLE.     

Combined search for anti-beta2-glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome: contribution to diagnosis

In this study we sought to assess (1) the diagnostic value of a combined search for anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein (abeta(2)-GPIs) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) in primary (APS I) and secondary (APS II) antiphospholipid syndrome and (2) the influence of the beta(2)-GPI preparation in the ELISA's results. abeta(2)-GPI and aCL concentrations were assessed in 70 patients with APS and compared with those in 65 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinical features of APS. In APS patients (38 with APS I, 32 with APS II), the diagnosis had to have been made at least 3 years earlier; in subjects with SLE, the diagnosis had to have been made at least 5 years earlier. All serum samples were tested for abeta(2) -GPI with the use of an in-house ELISA with an abeta(2) -GPI preparation from human plasma. Samples negative for abeta(2) -GPI were controlled with 2 additional beta(2)-GPI preparations, 1 from human serum and 1 from bovine serum. In APS, abeta(2)-GPIs were more frequent than in SLE (76% and 15%, respectively; P <.0001), mainly with IgG isotype and with significantly higher levels than those found in SLE. The specificity for APS was 92% for IgG abeta(2)-GPIs and 68% for IgG aCLs. The highest association with APS was found for the combination of the 2 markers (odds ratio 29; 95% confidence interval 10-76; P <.0001). Among the APS patients, 6 were positive for aCL only and remained negative regardless of which beta 2 -GPI preparation was used; 1 patient was aCL-negative and only positive with human beta 2 -GPI. These data emphasize the heterogeneity of the APS immunologic profile and the diagnostic possibilities of both antibodies.     

Autoantibodies Against Glomerular Mesangial Cells and Their Target Antigens in Lupus Nephritis

Mesangial proliferation and deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components within glomerular mesangium was one of the important pathological features of lupus nephritis. Autoantibodies against human mesangial cells could be detected in the sera of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch-Schöenlein nephritis. We speculated that autoantibodies against human glomerular mesangial cells might play a role in the development of lupus nephritis. Objective. To screen autoantibodies against human glomerular mesangial cells in sera from patients with lupus nephritis and to identify their target antigens. Methods. Sera were collected from 96 patients with lupus nephritis as well as 25 patients with IgAN and 20 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Cell lysates of in vitro cultured human glomerular mesangial cells were used as antigens in Western-blot analysis to detect autoantibodies against human mesangial cells in sera from patients with lupus nephritis as well as IgAN and IMN. The clinical and pathological significance of the autoantibodies were further investigated. Results. Autoantibodies against human mesangial cells could be detected in 94/96 (97.9%) of the sera from patients with lupus nephritis in Western-blot analysis. Twelve protein bands could be blotted by the sera from patients with lupus nephritis. The prevalence of autoantibodies against human mesangial cells in IgAN was 14/25 (56.0%) and only seven protein bands could be blotted. Five autoantibodies (anti-18, 24, 36, 46, and 91 kD) could be detected only in sera from patients with lupus nephritis. In patients with lupus nephritis, some autoantibodies might have some relationship with gender, hematuria, ANA, anti-dsDNA or anti-ENA antibodies. Conclusions. There are autoantibodies directly against heterogeneous antigens of human glomerular mesangial cells in sera from patients with lupus nephritis, and some of them might be associated with different clinical manifestations.     

Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign and self-limited disease of unknown etiology that affects mainly young women. It presents with localized lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, accompanied with fever, night sweats, and leucopenia. KFD has been rarely described in association with autoimmune disorders, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report the case of a young patient presenting with KFD coinciding with SLE. The association of KFD and SLE is reviewed. Moreover, a possible pathogenetic role of Ebstein-Barr virus linking the two clinical entities is discussed.     

C1q的沉积对V型狼疮性肾炎和原发性膜性肾病的鉴别诊断意义

目的:研究C1q在V型狼疮性肾炎、原发性膜性肾病及病理组织学为不典型膜性肾病肾活检标本中的沉积,分析其不同及意义。方法:对V型狼疮性肾炎、原发性膜性肾病和不典型膜性肾病的患者的肾活检组织进行C1q免疫组化染色,并收集临床和血清学指标,进行统计学分析。结果:V型狼疮性肾炎会出现C1q的沉积,原发性膜性肾病不会出现C1q的沉积,一些病理组织学表现不典型的膜性肾病,会出现C1q的沉积,后者阳性率与狼疮性肾炎接近,与膜性肾病相比,差异有统计学意义。结论:C1q阳性且病理组织学为不典型膜性肾病的患者,极有可能是早期的V型LN。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者稳定期治疗的健康指导

对系统性红斑狼疮稳定期患进行健康指导，让患对所患疾病有所了解，消除不正常心态和错误认识，积极主动配合治疗，减少疾病的复发。改善患的生活质量。     

乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎13例临床与病理分析

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎的临床与病理特点。方法：经临床病理活检确诊的乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎患者13例，根据乙型肝炎免疫组织化学染色结果分为两组：Ⅰ组(HBsAg阳性组)：7例；Ⅱ组(HBsAg HBcAb阳性组)：6例。并对两组的临床诊断、病理类型及免疫荧光的情况进行分析。结果：①临床诊断：Ⅰ组：肾病综合征4例(占57．14％)．慢性肾炎2例(占28．57％)，急性肾炎1例(占14．29％)；Ⅱ组：肾病综合征(占83．33％)．慢性肾炎1例(占16．67％)；②病理类型：I组：膜性肾病2例(占28．57％)．系膜增生2例(占28．57％)．弥漫硬化1例(占14．29％)，膜增殖2例(占28．57％)；Ⅱ组：膜性肾病3例(占50％)，系膜增生1例(占16．67％)，弥漫硬化2例(占33．33％)；③免疫荧光：免疫球蛋白沉积以IgA IgG IgM为主．其中Ⅱ组5例(占71．43％)，Ⅱ组5例(占83．33％)，补体C3沉积Ⅰ组6例(占85．71％)，Ⅱ组6例(占100％)。结论：乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎，临床表现多样化．病理轻重不一，易误诊，应肾活检。     

肿瘤坏死因子及其可溶性受体对狼疮活动的价值

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)和可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(sTNFR)对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)疾病活动的价值。方法 分别采用狼疮活动标准记分(LACC)和SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)判断狼疮活动和活动程度，采用双抗夹心ELISA法分别检测35例活动、25例稳定SLE和20例对照血浆TNFα、sTNFRl和sTNFR2水平。结果 SLE患者血浆sTNFR水平显著高于正常对照组。狼疮活动、稳定及对照sTNFR水平差异显著；SLE活动期sTNFRl、sTNFR2升高者显著多于稳定期。sTNF2水平与SLEDAI显著正相关(r＝0．40，P＜0．01)；sTNFR1与sTNFR2显著正相关(r＝0．62，P＜0．001)。结论 SLE患者血浆sTNFRl、sTNFR2均升高，狼疮活动时sTNFRl、sTNFR2升高的患者明显增多，可作为判断狼疮活动的指标。     

系统性红斑狼疮累及消化道CT表现

目的 观察系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）累及消化道的CT表现。方法 回顾性分析17例经临床确诊为SLE累及消化道患者，均接受CT平扫，其中15例接受增强扫描，记录病变累及消化道的具体部位、肠壁厚度、CT征象及伴随表现。结果 SLE累及胃8例，十二指肠2例，空肠9例，回肠9例，升结肠9例，横结肠1例，降结肠6例，乙状结肠8例，直肠8例。15例CT表现为肠壁肿胀增厚，12例可见"同心圆征"，11例见"靶征"，肠腔扩张伴积气、积液13例，其中4例肠道假性梗阻；肠系膜"梳征"或"栅栏样"改变11例，肠系膜脂肪间隙模糊9例。伴随征象包括腹腔及盆腔积液15例，胸腔积液12例，心包积液3例，肠系膜上动脉栓塞1例，脾大3例，5例存在泌尿系病变（输尿管炎性狭窄、膀胱壁增厚、双肾或输尿管积水等），肠脂垂炎3例。结论 SLE累及消化道典型CT表现为消化道壁及肠系膜异常。